Middle East

The cradle of civilisation, told through its surviving objects. Cuneiform tablets, Assyrian palace reliefs, the Standard of Ur, and the Royal Game of Ur — spanning Mesopotamia, Persia, and the ancient Near East.

Middle East hero image© The Trustees of the British Museum.

Where writing, cities, and law were invented — and written down.

he flat land between two rivers produced the first cities, the first code of law, the first epic — and the first writing, pressed into wet clay with a reed. Because clay survives where paper rots, the everyday record of the ancient world endures here in astonishing quantity.

Stand before the Assyrian palace reliefs, their lions and armies carved to overawe; then turn to the Standard of Ur and the Royal Game of Ur, and find a civilization that also played, traded, and kept its accounts. The cradle, recorded in its own hand.

Highlights

The Standard of Ur
© The Trustees of the British Museum.

The Standard of Ur

2500 BC

shell; limestone (red); lapis lazuli; bitumen
The Cyrus Cylinder
© The Trustees of the British Museum.

The Cyrus Cylinder

539BC (after)

fired clay
Oxus Treasure
© The Trustees of the British Museum.

Oxus Treasure

5thC BC-4thC BC

gold
Wall panel found in North Palace (Nineveh)
© The Trustees of the British Museum.

Wall panel found in North Palace (Nineveh)

645BC-635BC

gypsum
The Statue of Idrimi
© The Trustees of the British Museum.

The Statue of Idrimi

15th Century BC

magnesite; glass (eyes)
Figure found in Toprakkale
© The Trustees of the British Museum.

Figure found in Toprakkale

8thC BC-7thC BC

ivory

Themes

The First Cities of Mesopotamia
Clay Tablets and the First Stories
Monuments of the Assyrian and Persian Kings