Ancient Near Eastern Art

Art and artifacts from the civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia, Iran, and neighboring regions — clay tablets, cylinder seals, relief sculptures, and bronzes.

Ancient Near Eastern Art hero image

The first civilizations, pressed into clay and stone.

etween the Tigris and Euphrates, humanity built its first cities and recorded them in the most durable medium it had — clay, incised before it dried. What survives is less a gallery of masterpieces than the working memory of the ancient world.

Look at a cylinder seal small enough to lose, rolled to sign a contract four thousand years ago, then up at an Assyrian relief built to make a king look inevitable. Power and paperwork, from the same vanished hands.

Highlights

Human-headed winged bull (lamassu)

Human-headed winged bull (lamassu)

ca. 883–859 BCE

Gypsum alabaster
Human-headed winged lion (lamassu)

Human-headed winged lion (lamassu)

ca. 883–859 BCE

Gypsum alabaster
Relief panel

Relief panel

ca. 883–859 BCE

Gypsum alabaster
Statue of Gudea, named “Gudea, the man who built the temple, may his life be long”

Statue of Gudea, named “Gudea, the man who built the temple, may his life be long”

ca. 2090 BCE

Diorite
Standing male worshiper

Standing male worshiper

ca. 2900–2600 BCE

Gypsum alabaster, shell, black limestone, bitumen
Panel with striding lion

Panel with striding lion

ca. 604–562 BCE

Ceramic, glaze

Themes

Guardians at the Palace Gate
Worshipers Before the Gods
Animals Made Sacred